Everything You Need to Know About a Roth IRA & Why to Start One

Everything You Need to Know About a Roth IRA

This post was inspired by a great movement that has been started and organized by one of the Yakezie bloggers, Jeff Rose. He blogs at Good Financial Cents and you can read more about the movement here

As it stands there are over 130 financial bloggers that are all writing about Roth IRAs and why we love them. We?ve all agreed to launch our posts, today, March 27th and discuss why they?re so important.

If you want to follow along on Twitter, check it out at #RothIRAMovement.

The driving factors that caused me to take part in this movement is two-fold:

1. It?s important for each person to save for retirement and the Roth IRA is a great vehicle to do that.

2. I have yet to talk about investing and retirement savings on this blog, so this opens up a great opportunity for me to start my 6-week series about investing and retirement planning!

What is a Roth IRA?

  • A Roth IRA is a self-directed retirement account.

    IRA stands for Individual Retirement Account. This simply means that it?s not something that is done through your employer; it?s something that you open, fund, and manage on your own (or through an advisor).

    A Roth IRA IS NOT an investment (like a stock, bond, etc), it is simply a vehicle that allows money to grow tax-deferred. You can choose investments within the account but I?ll get to that another day.

  • A Roth IRA is funded with AFTER-TAX dollars.

    Your contributions to a Roth IRA are made with money that you?ve already paid taxes on.

    I find some people get confused at this point, but I?d encourage you not to over-think it: your wages/paycheck got taxed prior to your money being deposited into your bank account. And you use that money (your take-home pay) to fund the Roth IRA.

  • Downside: You have to find room in your budget to make contributions.

    The reality of the average American?s financial situation is that we get paid, cover all of the bills for the month, and spend the remainder.

    We don?t ?have room? in the budget to put money into an emergency fund account, let alone find $25-$400/month to put into retirement savings!

    So that?s why MANY Americans opt to contribute to a 401(k) instead of a Roth IRA. The 401(k) contributions come out before you ever see the money, so you?re not tempted to spend it.

    If there is any downside to the Roth IRA, it would be found in your lack of discipline or inability to live well below what you make.

Why I Heart the Roth IRA & Why You Should Too!

If you get confused with the terms 401(k), 403(b), 457, Traditional IRA, Roth IRA, SEP, SIMPLE, or TSP, then I?d encourage you to bare with me and check back next week as I?ll help you understand that better.

For now however, we?re going to focus on the Roth and why it?s SIMPLY AMAZING!.

There are four really important things that make this particular retirement account VERY special:

  • 1. You NEVER pay taxes on your earnings!

    You fund your Roth IRA with after-tax dollars, however EVERYTHING you earn (all of the interest you accumulate over the course of time) grows TAX-DEFERRED and you can withdraw it after age 59 1/2 TAX-FREE!

    Tax-deferred simply means that your interest grows without you having to pay taxes on it each year. For instance, you may get a 1099-INT form if you make enough interest in bank accounts, on CDs, or in a normal brokerage account. However, all qualified retirement accounts don?t get taxed until you withdraw the money (except the Roth IRA of course).

    This isn?t some gimmick or a crazy scheme to out-smart the IRS. They?re well aware of this benefit and that?s why there are restrictions to it (keep reading).

    There are only 3 investments that I?m aware of that offer this unique, TAX-FREE benefit:

    1. Municipal bonds

    2. Cash Value in Life Insurance if properly withdrawn

    3. Roth IRAs!

    The ?Muni? bonds and Cash Value life insurance have hurdles, low rates of return, and do not offer anything near what a Roth IRA does, so imagine I never mentioned those.

    Let?s take a look at a hypothetical situation to better grasp this whole TAX-FREE concept:

    Sally Sue opens up a Roth IRA and contributes $5,000/year to it for the next 20 years. Assuming an 8% average rate of return over that 20 years, Sally would have $247,114 in her Roth IRA.

    WOOHOO! That?s pretty impressive considering she only put in $100,000 of her own money!

    Now, let?s also say Bob (Sally Sue?s wife) contributes $5,000/year to a Traditional IRA (or 401(k), 403(b), or 457) for the same 20 year period. Assuming the same 8% average return, it just so happens that Bob will have $247,114 in his account too!

    So, what?s the big deal?

    Well, the big deal is that all of Sally?s earnings from her Roth IRA are FREE FROM TAXES!! That?s $147,114 that she made in interest that she gets to keep all to herself!

    Poor old Bob on the other hand still has NEVER paid taxes on his contributions or his earnings. That leaves him knowing that ALL of the money in his Traditional IRA (or 401()k, 403(b), 457) is 100% TAXABLE.

    Assuming Bob is in a 15% tax bracket in retirement, that means he really only has $210,047 and the remaining $37,067 is the government?s. Uncle Sam just did the Snoopy dance.

Assuming (for whatever ridiculous reason) that example isn?t enough to convince you that you NEED to contribute to a Roth IRA, here are a few others:

  • 2. You KNOW what your tax liability is going to be.

    If you?re paying taxes TODAY on your Roth IRA contributions, then you know what they are.

    The downside to the Traditional IRA, 401(k), 403(b), and 457 is that we have absolutely no idea what taxes will be 20 years from today.

    I assumed 15% in Bob?s example above, but frankly I DON?T think that will be the case. The reality of our country?s dire financial situation suggest that taxes are going to go up.

    If you want to gamble and hope taxes are still low 20 years from now, then that?s your call.

  • 3. There are NO Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs)

    Few people know this unless they?re in retirement, but a Traditional IRA, 401(k), 403(b), and 457 have something called Required Minimum Distributions.

    Basically, at age 70 1/2 the government is going to REQUIRE that you start to take money out of those retirement accounts whether you want to or not.

    The reason for this is simply that they?re tired of waiting on their tax money. Remember, you don?t pay taxes on all of that money until you take it out.

    On the other hand, you?ve ALREADY paid taxes on your Roth IRA contributions (and you don?t pay taxes on your earnings), so the government could care less when you take the money out.

  • 4. Your Roth IRA can Go to Your Beneficiaries TAX-FREE!

    There are a few minor qualifications here (like having your Roth IRA open for at least 5 years), so always seek a tax specialist or estate planning attorney for your specific situation.

    However, in most scenarios, your Roth IRA will go to your beneficiaries completely tax free!

    The primary circumstance where this wouldn?t be the case is if you fall into the dreaded ESTATE TAX. Meaning, if your total estate is worth more than $5,120,000 (2012 limit) at the time of your death, then the estate tax applies to everything (including a Roth IRA).

So, What?s the Down Side?

If something sounds too good to be true, then it generally is. While that isn?t completely the case for a Roth IRA, there are some things that don?t make this the GREATEST thing since HD TV?s and smart phones.

  • 1. Income Restrictions

    First-and-foremost you have to have earned income to be able to contribute to a Roth IRA. This ISN?T the case for spouses as you can open up a Spousal Roth IRA if one of you isn?t employed or is a stay-at-home mom/dad.

    Where this does come into play is for children and retirees. In order for you to open up a Roth IRA for your child, they must have qualified earned-income and you cannot contribute more than they earned (up to $5,000).

    Also, true to our American ways of loving to punish people that make too much money, the big part to Roth IRA income restrictions is that you can only contribute to one if you:

    a) Have a Modified Adjusted Gross Income of less than $173,000 (2012 limits) Married Filing Jointly. There is actually a phase-out starting at $173k and ends at $183k.

    b) Have a Modified Adjusted Gross Income of less than $110,000 (2012 limits) filing as a Single or Head of Household. Phase-out starts at $110k and ends at $125k.

  • 2. Contribution Limits

    Of course the government doesn?t want to give anybody too much of a good thing, so they make sure to limit how much you?re allowed to contribute to a Roth IRA.

    If you?re under age 50, then you can contribute up to $5,000/year per person. So, if you?re married, that means you can do $10,000 combined.

    If you?re over the age of 50 then there is a $1,000 catch-up provision, which means you can contribute up to $6,000/year per person.

  • 3. A Roth IRA is a retirement account.

    You?re not allowed to take money out of your retirement account until you?re 59 1/2. If you choose to do so, you?re going to get slapped with a 10% penalty ON TOP OF paying taxes on the earnings (so the Roth IRA doesn?t grow tax-free if you take it out early).

    There are special situations (i.e. down payment on your first home, avoiding foreclosure, etc) where you can take money our of ?retirement? accounts before age 59 1/2, but please seek a competent professional or check the IRS tax rules for all qualifications.

    The bottom line is that the Roth IRA should be viewed as a retirement account. Don?t touch the money?act like you don?t even have it!

So, Why Should You Start a Roth IRA NOW?

As a financial advisor, as a person that understands the long-term effects of inflation, and also realizing that the end of Social Security draws nearer by the day, it has NEVER been more important for you to start contributing to your retirement AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

Did I state that clearly enough? Let me try it again.

Regardless of your age and if you?re making money

IT HAS NEVER BEEN MORE IMPORTANT FOR YOU TO START
CONTRIBUTING TO YOUR RETIREMENT AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.

I?ve coached, advised, and talked to hundreds of people that are in their 40s, 50, and 60s, and I?d say that 90% of them wished they would have started contributing earlier to retirement savings AND would have contributed larger amounts of money.

The problem we face today is that many of us fall into the trap of living only for the here-and-now. However, the reality is that tomorrow will come?retirement WILL come?

The question is will you be ready and will you have saved enough to be able to enjoy it?

Keep coming back as I?ll continue to walk through retirement planning and investing over the next couple of weeks. Here is what you can expect:

  • Understanding the 401(k), 403(b), 457, and Traditional IRAs
  • The Retirement Investing Order of Priority
  • Starting with the end in mind and having a plan
  • Understanding Asset Allocation & Target Date Funds
  • The Long-Term effects of Inflation
  • Roth 401(k) & TSPs!

Other Posts You Might Like:

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Source: http://worksavelive.com/2012/03/my-not-so-secret-love-affair/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=my-not-so-secret-love-affair

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Leading opposition party in Canada elects leader

(AP) ? Canada's opposition New Democratic Party elected Thomas Mulcair as their leader Saturday, months after the country mourned the loss of their previous chief to cancer.

The NDP, a union-backed party with socialist roots, took Canadians by surprise in the federal election last May by winning official opposition status for the first time in its 50-year history. Most credited previous leader Jack Layton's charisma and his popularity in the French-speaking province of Quebec.

Layton died months later in August.

While Mulcair, 57, had been favored to replace Layton, his mercurial personality alienated some party stalwarts.

Challenger Brian Topp warned Mulcair would turn the party into a pale imitation of the more centrist Liberals in a bid to topple Prime Minister Stephen Harper's Conservatives at the next election.

Mulcair said he would work to unite progressive forces in Canada.

"I want to move the center to us. I want us to be the rallying point for all the progressive forces in Canada. I want them to unite around the NDP banner," Mulcair told the Canadian Broadcasting Corp.

He ruled out merging with the Liberals, saying "it's absolutely not in the cards."

Mulcair, born to an Irish-Canadian father and a French-Canadian mother, has been credited in helping the NDP go from one seat in Quebec to 58. He had held the lone NDP seat before the May 2 election.

Nicknamed the grizzly bear, Mulcair was a combative cabinet minister in Quebec's provincial Liberal party, who surprised some by joining the NDP in 2007.

The NDP won 103 seats in last spring's election, up from 37 in the previous election. The Liberals, who ruled Canada for much of the last century, slipped to third party status as Harper Conservatives won a five year mandate by winning the majority of Parliament's 308 seats.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2012-03-24-CN-Canada-Opposition-Leader/id-0c5f81854b4a4edcb1f1168440a22f94

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SPIN METER: GOP claims about Obama puzzle enviros

NEW YORK (AP) ? Mitt Romney says President Barack Obama blocked construction of the Keystone XL oil pipeline as a gift to environmentalists. Newt Gingrich calls Obama "President Algae" for supporting research on biofuels. And Rick Santorum says Obama's environmental views constitute a "phony theology" that prioritizes the earth over people.

The leading Republican presidential hopefuls have cast Obama as environmental extremist whose policies have put him out of touch with the needs of ordinary Americans. It's a characterization that may resonate with GOP primary voters, but it has surprised environmental activists, many of whom say they are let down by Obama's record on their issues.

"The environmental movement has been at odds with Barack Obama for much of his three years in the White House," said Bill McKibben, founder of the environmental group 350.org. "The president is very much in the center ? far too much in the center for many environmentalists."

As a candidate, Obama's pledge to limit the gases that contribute to global warming and embrace cleaner forms of energy pleased many environmental activists. But nearing the end of his first term, Obama's record on the environment is mixed ? and many of his decisions have irked the very activists who Republicans suggest have broad sway over administration policies.

"Absolutely, he has been a disappointment," said Frank O'Donnell, president of the environmental group Clean Air Watch. "When Obama was elected, I think public health and environmental advocates thought a number of unresolved problems would be dealt in short order. And we learned that environmental protection did not prove to be a first-tier activity for the White House."

Some Obama actions have cheered environmentalists. He successfully ushered in historic increases in fuel economy standards for automobiles as well as the first-ever regulations on heat-trapping gases blamed for global warming and on toxic mercury pollution from power plants. He has invested heavily in cleaner forms of energy; the U.S. produces more energy from alternative sources such as wind, solar and biofuels now than it has at any point in history.

But Obama failed to persuade a Democratic Congress to pass promised legislation limiting carbon emissions. He abandoned the legislative effort entirely after Republicans gained control of the House in the 2010 elections.

And in a move that deeply angered environmentalists, the president in September scrubbed a plan to set a stricter health standard on lung-damaging smog, sticking with one set by his GOP predecessor George W. Bush that scientists say is too weak.

For the GOP presidential candidates, it all amounts to a zealous pursuit of policies that have slowed the nation's economic recovery.

In his appeal to evangelical voters, Santorum has framed Obama's environmentalism as "phony theology" ? a belief espoused by many Christian conservatives that environmental activism places nature above man and promotes veneration of the earth instead of God.

Recently, Santorum, Romney and Gingrich have cast the rising cost of gasoline, currently averaging about $3.88 a gallon, as a consequence of Obama's decisions to limit oil drilling in environmentally sensitive areas. However, U.S. oil production is unrelated to gasoline prices, given that oil is a global commodity, and factors that influence gasoline prices are generally beyond the control of a president or a nation.

In Louisiana on Wednesday, Santorum blamed Obama's "radical energy policy" for slowing oil production on federal lands and off the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

"The underlying reason is because he believes in man-made global warming," Santorum said of Obama. The former Pennsylvania senator has dismissed climate change as "political science" despite a broad consensus among climate scientists that human activity has contributed to a warming of the earth.

Gingrich has made the price of gasoline the central tenet of his sputtering candidacy, insisting he will bring gas prices down to $2.50 a gallon if elected.

"This is a very anti-fossil fuels administration. The left wing environmental movement hates oil," Gingrich said recently at a campaign stop in Alabama.

Romney has called on Obama to fire his "gas hike trio" ? Romney's term for Energy Secretary Steven Chu, Interior Secretary Ken Salazar and Environmental Protection Agency chief Lisa Jackson.

And Romney has chided Obama for his interest in renewable energy. "You can't drive a car with a windmill on it," the former Massachusetts governor told a campaign audience in Ohio earlier this month.

In fact, Obama has walked a fine line with environmentalists on energy.

Many cheered when he decided to reject the Keystone XL oil pipeline after widespread protests from environmental groups. But his administration is now pledging to fast-track a smaller segment of the pipeline to bring oil from Cushing, Okla., to the Gulf Coast, to environmentalists' dismay.

Obama has drawn praise from environmentalists for instituting a temporary moratorium on deep-water drilling after the massive BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico last spring. But he is pushing more oil and gas drilling in part because of high fuel prices and has recently given approval to Shell to drill in the Arctic Ocean ? a step that environmental groups have been fighting for years.

Obama has also given a guarded endorsement of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, even as the EPA and Interior Department are pursuing several new regulations on the controversial drilling practice to extract natural gas and oil from shale rock.

Obama has pleased environmentalists with improvements in energy efficiency, fuel economy and investment in clean-energy technologies. But he has infuriated many by embracing nuclear energy as part of a so-called clean-energy standard.

"This administration has expanded drilling in the Arctic, has delayed protections from smog, and at the same time done more for clean energy and to cut oil consumption than any administration ever," said Michael Brune, executive director of the Sierra Club. "By our view, that's a combination of wins and losses, or advances and retreats, that shows a pragmatic and moderate record."

___

Cappiello reported from Washington. AP Religion Writer Rachel Zoll contributed to this report.

Follow Beth Fouhy on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/bfouhy

Follow Dina Cappiello on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/dinacappiello

EDITOR'S NOTE _ An occasional look behind the rhetoric on public issues.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/spin-meter-gop-claims-obama-puzzle-enviros-154216862.html

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Seismic survey at the Mariana trench will follow water dragged down into the Earth's mantle

ScienceDaily (Mar. 22, 2012) ? Last month, Doug Wiens, PhD, professor of earth and planetary science at Washington University in St. Louis, and two WUSTL students were cruising the tropical waters of the western Pacific above the Mariana trench aboard the research vessel Thomas G. Thompson.

The trench is a subduction zone, where the ancient, cold and dense Pacific plate slides beneath the younger, lighter high-riding Mariana Plate, the leading edge of the Pacific Plate sinking deep into Earth's mantle as the plates slowly converge.

Taking turns with his shipmates, Wiens swung bright-yellow ocean bottom seismometers and hydrophones off the fantail, and lowered them gently to the water's surface, as the ship laid out a matrix of instruments for a seismic survey on the trench.

The survey, which Wiens leads together with Daniel Lizarralde, PhD, of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, will follow the water chemically bound to the down-diving Pacific Plate or trapped in deep faults that open in the plate as it bends. The work is funded by the National Science Foundation.

Scientists have only recently begun to study the subsurface water cycle, which promises to be as important as the more familiar surface water cycle to the character of the planet.

Hydration reactions along the subducting plate are thought to carry water deep into Earth, and dehydration reactions at greater depths release fluids into the overlying mantle that promote melting and volcanism.

The water also plays a role in the strong earthquakes characteristic of subduction zones. Hydrated rock and water under high pressure are thought to lubricate the boundary between the plates and to permit sudden slippage.

Dropping the instruments

Between Jan. 26 and Feb. 9, working day and night, watch-on and watch-off, the Thompson laid down 80 ocean bottom seismometers and five hydrophones.

The hydrophones, which detect pressure waves and convert them into electrical signals, provide less information than the seismometers, which register ground motion, but they can be tethered four miles deep in the water column where the bottom is so far down seismometers would implode as they sank.

The Thompson sailed over some of the most famous real estate in the world, the Mariana trench, which includes the bathtub-shaped depression called the Challenger Deep, to which Avatar director James Cameron plans to plunge in a purpose-built one-man submersible called the Deep Challenger.

Seven miles down, the pressure in the Deep is 1,000 atmospheres (1,000 times the pressure at sea level on dry land) or roughly 8 tons per square inch. Seismometers, says Wiens, only go down four miles.

The trench is created by the subduction of some of the world's oldest oceanic crust, which plunges underneath the Mariana Isalnds so steeply at places that it is going almost straight down.

The active survey

After the Thompson returned to Guam and Wiens flew back to St. Louis to resume his less romantic duties as chair of the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, the research vessel Marcus G. Langseth began to sail transects above the matrix of seismometers, firing the 36-airgun array on its back deck.

The sound blasts reflected from the boundaries between rock layers a few miles beneath the ocean floor were picked up by an five-mile-long "streamer," or hose containing many hydrophones, towed just beneath the surface behind the ship.

This was the "active" stage of a seismic survey with a "passive" stage yet to come.

After the seismic survey, the Langseth returned to pick up 60 seismometers, leaving behind 20 broadband seismometers and the hydrophones that will listen for a year to the reverberations from distant earthquakes, allowing the seismologists to map structures as deep as 60 miles beneath the surface.

In the meantime Patrick Shore, a research scientist in earth and planetary science, and two Washington University students had set sail across the ocean in a tiny vessel, the Kaiyu III, to install seismometers on the Mariana islands that will also supply data for the "passive" stage of the survey.

Water, water everywhere

Water plays a completely different role at depth than it does on the surface of Earth. Water infiltrating the mantle through faults hydrates the mantle rock on either side of the fault.

In a low temperature process called serpentinization, it transforms mantle rock such as the green periodotite into serpentinite, a rock with a dark scaly surface like a serpent's skin.

As the slab plunges yet deeper, dehydration reactions release water, which at such great pressure and temperature exists as a supercritical fluid that can drift through materials like a gas and dissolve them like a fluid. The fluid rises into the overlying mantle where it lowers the melting point of rock and triggers the violent eruptions of magma that created the Mariana Islands, to which Shore was sailing.

"We think that much of the water that goes down at the Mariana trench actually comes back out of the Earth into the atmosphere as water vapor when the volcanos erupt hundreds of miles away," Wiens says.

The scientists will map the distribution of serpentinite in the subducting plate and overlying mantle, by looking for regions where certain seismicwaves travel more slowly than usual.

Tracing the water cycle within subduction zones will allow the scientists to better understand island-arc volcanism and subduction-zone earthquakes, which are among the most powerful in the world But the role of subsurface water is not limited to these zones. Scientists don't know how subduction got started in the first place, but water may be a necessary ingredient. Venus, which is in many ways similar to Earth, has volcanism but no plate tectonics, probably because it is bone dry.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Washington University in St. Louis.

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Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/mRGK5sIkFTU/120322142201.htm

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Identity Theft Police Report | Celframe ? Blogs

An identity theft police report also called an identity theft report has many benefits in all areas of personal identity theft management. Although identity theft affects many areas of one?s life, credit identity theft or using someone?s personal information to access credit cash or merchandise is the most common risk of identity theft facing most people.

As you may know, credit reporting agencies collect, analyze and sell personal and credit information to companies which are willing to pay for accurate and complete information for making credit decisions. Therefore, high reliance is placed on the credibility of the purchased information to minimize business losses and credit reporting agencies have the best intention and interest for doing all they can to make sure the information they sell is accurate and complete. Therefore, when disagreements arise between consumers whose information has been falsely used in all credit matters and the entities which sold, purchased and used such information, such discrepancies must be properly investigated and corrected as necessary.

One of the best steps consumers can take to formally document their identity theft cases as part of their identity theft action plan is file an identity theft police report. An identity theft report entitles consumers to certain legal rights when it is provided to all major credit reporting agencies or to companies which may be adversely affected when consumer information is misused. For example, an identity theft police report can be used to permanently block fraudulent information which resulted from identity theft to appear on credit reports and ensure that fraudulent debts do not appear on credit reports. Also, identity theft police reports can prevent a company or their agents such as collection agencies from continuing to collect debts which were created due to identity theft.

Most importantly, an identity theft report is required to place an extended fraud alert on credit reports. Although consumers can place initial fraud alerts on their credit reports even if they suspect they are facing or might face identity theft, an extended fraud alert is placed when a person has suffered identity theft and requires an identity theft police report. In addition, a police report is also needed to get copies of the original application which was completed and submitted by the identity thief as well as all relevant transaction information from companies which used the fraudulent information to create the accounts.

Most often, a report is not needed to refute charges on existing accounts which can be resolved by working directly with the companies. Usually, an identity theft report is necessary when a new account has been opened under another person?s name without authorization or when fraudulent charges have been reported to the consumer credit reporting agencies in order take advantage of the available legal protection under the laws.

For an identity theft report to be effective, it must include complete and specific details about the identity theft case. It is also a good idea to complain and report the identity theft case to the government such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and include the identity theft complaint in the police report.

In order to request and receive information pertaining to identity theft cases from companies and all associated entities, requests must be made in writing accompanied by all supporting documentation including the police identity theft report.

Read other identity theft victim articles after reading about identity theft police report.

?

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View the original article here

Related posts:

  1. Identity Fraud Affidavit
  2. Debix Identity Protection
  3. Do Credit Monitoring Services Work?
  4. Report: Scammers Target Xbox Live Users Via Phishing Scam
  5. Report: Google?s Schmidt Condemns Carrier IQ

Source: http://www.celframe.com/blogs/2012/03/dentity-theft-police-report/

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Tottenham to play Galaxy, Red Bulls on US tour

LONDON (AP) ? Tottenham will play the Los Angeles Galaxy and New York Red Bulls in July on a preseason tour to the United States.

The English Premier League club said it will play the Galaxy and former Spurs striker Robbie Keane at the Home Depot Center on July 24. It faces the Red Bulls in the inaugural New York Invitational Cup a week later.

"Tottenham has been one of the top EPL teams over the past several years," New York Red Bulls President of Business Operations Chris Heck said. "We are also excited to bring an elite international club as a reward for our season-ticket holders."

Spurs played the San Jose Earthquakes and the Red Bulls in 2010 on its last visit to the United States.

"The facilities will be first class and the opposition will provide a great test for the squad," Tottenham manager Harry Redknapp said. "We can expect another tough encounter when we face the Red Bulls again this time. Playing the winners of the MLS Cup in LA Galaxy will provide a real challenge, too. Any team that includes proven international performers like Robbie Keane, Landon Donovan and David Beckham are sure to be top drawer."

Tottenham shares links with the Galaxy through the Anschutz Entertainment Group, which owns the Galaxy. Spurs and AEG joined in a failed bid to move into London's Olympic Stadium after the 2012 Games.

Beckham trained with Tottenham last year but never played for the north London club, with whom he began his career as a trainee before joining Manchester United. The Galaxy was reluctant to let him play on loan in Europe during the MLS offseason after he damaged his Achilles tendon at AC Milan the previous year.

"There is a strong relationship between the two clubs and we are looking forward to the chance to renew old friendships," Tottenham chairman Daniel Levy said.

The Galaxy hosted Boca Juniors, Milan and Manchester City in previous seasons.

Levy said his club, which is in contention for a return the Champions League, has many American fans. Tottenham's current squad includes former United States goalkeeper Brad Friedel.

The Red Bulls previously hosted overseas sides including Brazil's Santos, England's Manchester City and Italy's Juventus at Red Bull Arena.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/tottenham-play-galaxy-red-bulls-us-tour-162306211--soccer.html

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Scientists recreate massive Mars dust devil using computer simulation

Last month,?NASA's new Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter captured a stunning image of a dust devil swirling about on the planet's rocky surface. The weather of?the red planet has always often been a mystery to researchers, and the sharp photo captivated scientists the world over. Now, the team at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory has used some high-tech modeling software to recreate the twister and give us a better glimpse at what it might have been like to see it in person.

The dust devil was created in much the same way they occur here at home: warm air on the ground rises into cooled air above, and as the two switch places, a spinning effect sometimes occurs. February is prime time for such activity on Mars as the sun beats down on the rocky landscape and produces a surplus of warmed air.

Using the angle of the sun and the length and width of the shadow being cast by the spinning funnel of dust, the researchers were able to confirm that the twister measured approximately 100' wide at its base, and stretched roughly a half mile into the sky. That's a rather large dust devil, and lands in the upper limits of similar phenomenon we have witnessed here on Earth.

(Source)

This article originally appeared on Tecca

More from Tecca:

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/blogs/technology-blog/scientists-recreate-massive-mars-dust-devil-using-computer-172243923.html

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Drug makes leukemia more vulnerable to chemo

Wednesday, March 21, 2012

Doctors at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis have shown that a new drug makes chemotherapy more effective in treating acute myeloid leukemia, a cancer of the white blood cells. Instead of attacking these cells directly, the drug helps drive them out of the bone marrow and into the bloodstream, where they are more vulnerable to chemotherapy.

"We're usually very good at clearing these leukemia cells from the blood," says Geoffrey L. Uy, MD, assistant professor of medicine and co-first author on the study published in the journal Blood. "But it's much harder to clear these cancerous cells from the bone marrow."

This combined phase 1 and 2 clinical trial included 52 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who had relapsed or whose AML was resistant to the standard chemotherapy regimen. In the phase 2 portion with 46 patients, all received the investigational drug, and 46 percent achieved complete remission, meaning no evidence of cancer could be found in the blood or bone marrow after treatment.

"In general, we see complete remission rates between 20 and 30 percent," says Uy, who treats patients at the Alivn J. Siteman Cancer Center at Washington University School of Medicine and Barnes-Jewish Hospital. "But a lot depends on individual patient characteristics."

Indeed, recent genetic studies have shown that mutations leading to AML may differ greatly among patients. But regardless of individual mutations, all of these leukemia cells rely in some way on the protective effects of the bone marrow, according to senior author John F. DiPersio, MD, PhD, the Virginia E. and Sam J. Golman Professor of Medicine.

"With DNA sequencing identifying so many mutations that are unique to one patient, it may be very hard to find therapies that work directly on the cancer," says DiPersio, who also treats patients at the Siteman Cancer Center. "Instead, we are targeting a common pathway that all leukemic cells are addicted to ? in this case, the relatively normal environment of the bone marrow."

DiPersio calls the results of this study encouraging and worthy of additional exploration.

"If these results are repeated in a larger study, it would be transformative," he says. "It would change the standard way we treat these patients ? we would use this approach with everybody. In addition, the approach of targeting the tumor microenvironment could also be exploited for the treatment of other hematologic and solid tumor malignancies."

Bone marrow protects leukemia cells by inhibiting the cell-suicide response that might otherwise lead AML cells to self-destruct. Although leukemia cells in the bone marrow do not rapidly divide, their stability makes them very resistant to treatment. And while chemotherapy can clear the bloodstream of leukemia for a period of time, these "protected" cells in the bone marrow may cause the cancer to return.

The drug used in this study, called plerixafor, blocks the leukemia cells from attaching to the bone marrow. Released from their protective environment into the bloodstream, the cells lose the bone marrow's survival signals and begin to divide. Rapidly dividing cells are more sensitive to chemotherapy.

Plerixafor received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2008 for use prior to a stem cell transplant to treat patients with two other types of blood cancers: multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In these diseases, plerixafor is used to dislodge normal stem cells from the bone marrow. Once in the bloodstream, those stem cells can then be collected for a transplant. Returning the patient's own stem cells after aggressive chemotherapy is a standard treatment for these two cancers.

"We helped in plerixafor's development for stem cell mobilization," DiPersio says. "So we thought if it makes normal stem cells leave the bone marrow to circulate, maybe it would do the same with leukemic cells."

In 2009, DiPersio and his colleagues showed that this concept worked in mice with a form of AML. Mice treated with plerixafor plus chemotherapy had improved survival over mice treated with chemotherapy alone. But DiPersio says plerixafor targets only one of many tethers anchoring these cells to the bone marrow.

"This is one of the first clinical examples of targeting the environment that leukemia cells live in," DiPersio says. "In the future, we may find other drugs, or combinations of drugs, that work better. There are now a number of groups around the world putting together similar approaches."

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Washington University School of Medicine: http://www.medicine.wustl.edu

Thanks to Washington University School of Medicine for this article.

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